ABUTRA/YELLOW FRUIT MOONSEED/AKAR KUNING (ARCANGELISIA FLAVA)
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Abutra/Akar Kuning
Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.
YELLOW FRUIT MOONSEED
Other vernacular names
CHINESE: Fu shan long.INDONESIA: Areuy ki koneng, sirawan, daun bulan, Akar kuning.
MALAYSIA: Mengkunyit.
THAILAND: Khamin khruea, kamphaeng jedchunum.
THAILAND: Khaminkhruea.
VIETNAM: V[ar]y d[aws]ng.
Botany
Suma is a woody, perennial, climbing plant with a very long stem growing from the ground level to the canopy of trees. Old stems are about 5 centimeters thick, with a gray bark and yellow wood. Leaves are leathery, smooth, broadly ovate, 16 centimeters wide and 16 centimeters long, the tip abruptly pointed, the base obtusely round or subtruncate, with 5 veins radiating from the base, with one or two lateral nerves arising from the midvein above the middle. Inflorescence is axillary, pendulous and spicately panicled, usually clustered along the stems. Flowers are fragrant, yellowish, crowded and stalkless. Exterior perianth segments are 3, and small; interior ones are 6, oblong, much longer, and spreading. Fruit is nearly spherical, about 2 centimeters in diameter, green or yellowish green.
Distribution
- Scattered in thickets and forests at low and medium altitudes from the Batan Islands to Palawan and Mindanao.
- Widely distributed from China, Indo-China, Malaysia, Borneo, the Moluccas to New Guinea.
Constituents
- Stems yield a yellow dye, berberine, the active principle in barberry.
- Study showed the stems contain approximately 4.8 percent pure alkaloid.
- The plant yields several alkaloids: berberine, the principal alkaloid, with jatrorhizine, columbamine and shobakunine.
- A single plant has been reported to yield one kilo of berberine.
- Roots yielded a furanoditerpenoid, fibaruretin B.
- Study yielded 11 secondary metabolites including 2-dehydroarcangelisinol, 6-
hydroxyarcangelisin, fibleucin, fibraurin, 6-
hydroxyfibleucin, 6-hydroxyfibraurin,
berberine, columbamine, jatrorrhizine,
palmatine, and tinophyllol. (see study below) (23)
- Phytochemical screening yielded alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and terpenoid compounds, with the absence of tannin. (see study below) (24)
Properties
Considered antimalarial, germicidal, tonic, stomachic, febrifuge, emmenagogue, abortive, antiperiodic, diaphoretic (much of these due to the berberine).
Parts used
Bark, roots, and stems.
Uses
Folkloric
• Decoction of wood used for cleansing wounds; used as a cure for itches and tropical ulcers.
• Decoction or infusion of plant used as stomachic and febrifuge.
• Decoction of roots and stem used as febrifuge, tonic and emmenagogue. Also used as abortive.
• In Zambales used as expectorant in bronchial affections.
• In Malaya, decoction taken internally for jaundice, indigestion and as vermifuge.
• Smoke used as inhalant for mucous membrane affections of the nose and mouth.
• In Indo-China used as antidiabetic drug.
• In East Asian traditional medicine, used as bitter tonic and for jaundice, infectious diarrheal disease and skin abscess.
• Used for treatment of malaria and dysentery and as a tonic.
• Sap from cut stems drunk as treatment for fever and sprue. (16)
Others
- Dye: Stems used for its yellow dye (berberine), a single plant yielding as much as one kilo of berberine.
- Germicide: Popular in the Philippines as a germicide.
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